What malfunction is indicated by pulsating brakes during hard stops?

Pulsating brakes during hard stops are indicative of the ABS (Anti-lock Braking System) functioning. When the ABS engages, it rapidly modulates the brake pressure to prevent wheel lock-up and maintain steering control during heavy braking. This modulation creates a noticeable pulsation in the brake pedal, which drivers often feel while braking strongly.

This feedback is normal and intentional as part of the ABS’s operation, signalling that the system is actively working to enhance safety by preventing skidding. Understanding this can be crucial for drivers to differentiate between standard ABS operation and other issues that may require attention.

In contrast, a brake fluid leak would typically result in a spongy brake pedal or a drop in braking effectiveness, while warped rotors would cause a consistent vibration or shaking rather than a pulsation linked to ABS function. Similarly, brake pad wear might lead to squeaking or grinding noises or a longer stopping distance but would not consistently cause the pedal to pulsate in the way ABS operation does.