What is the primary function of the alternator in a running vehicle?

The primary function of the alternator in a running vehicle is to supply power, particularly to the electrical systems while the engine is operating. When the engine runs, the alternator generates electricity through the process of electromagnetic induction, converting mechanical energy from the engine into electrical energy. This power is used to operate various electrical components in the vehicle, such as lights, radio, and fuel pumps.

Additionally, the alternator plays a significant role in ensuring that the battery remains charged while the vehicle is in operation, but its primary function revolves around providing electricity. This is essential because many systems in modern vehicles rely heavily on electrical power to function effectively. Therefore, the correct answer underscores the importance of the alternator beyond just charging the battery—highlighting its critical role in powering the vehicle's electrical systems during operation.